Classification of Stakeholders

(a) Internal stakeholders
Employees, management

(b) External stakeholders
The government, local government, the public, pressure groups, opinion leaders

(c) Connected stakeholders
Shareholders, customers, suppliers, lenders, trade unions, competitors
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(a) Direct stakeholders
Those who know they can affect or are affected by the organisation’s activities – employees, major customers and suppliers


(b) Indirect stakeholders
Those who are unaware of the claims they have on the organization or who cannot express their claim directly- wildlife, individual customers or suppliers of a large organization, future generations
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(a) Narrow stakeholders
Those most affected by organisation’s strategy- shareholders, managers, employees, suppliers, dependent customers


(b) Wide stakeholders
Those less affected by the organisation’s strategy – government, less dependent customers, the wider community
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(a) Primary stakeholders
Those without whose participation the organization will have difficulty continuing as a going concern, such as customers, suppliers and government (tax and legislation)


(b) Secondary stakeholders
Those whose loss of participation won’t affect the company’s continued existence such as broad communities
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(a) Active stakeholders
Those who seek to participate in the organisation’s activities. Stakeholders includes managers, employees and institutional investors, but may also include other groups not part of an organization’s structure such as regulators or pressure group


(b) Passive stakeholders
Those who do not seek to participate in policy-making such as most shareholders, local communities and government
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(a) Voluntary stakeholders
Those who engage with the organization voluntarily – employees, most customers, suppliers and shareholders


(b) Involuntary stakeholders
Those who become stakeholders involuntarily – local communities, neighbours, the natural world, future generations
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(a) Legitimate stakeholders
Those who have valid claims upon the organisation


(b) Illegitimate stakeholders
Those whose claims upon the organization are not valid
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(a) Recognized stakeholders
Those whose interests and views managers consider when deciding upon strategy


(b) Unrecognized stakeholders
Those whose claims aren’t taken into account in the organisation’s decision making – likely to be very much the same as illegitimate stakeholders
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(a) Known stakeholders
Those whose existence is known o the organisation


(b) Unknown stakeholders
Those whose existence is unknown to the organisation (undiscovered species, communities in proximity to overseas suppliers)
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